Falcons and Caracaras

Falcons and Caracaras (Falconidae) are a distinctive family of diurnal raptors found on all continents except Antarctica, comprising around 65 species. Unlike other birds of prey, they kill with their beaks rather than talons, using a specialised 'tomial tooth' notch to sever prey's spinal cord. Most species exhibit pointed wings and streamlined bodies adapted for swift, agile flight. Females are typically larger than males. The family divides into two main groups: true falcons (Falco) are aerial hunters favouring open habitats, whilst caracaras are longer-legged, more terrestrial, and often scavenge. Plumage varies considerably across species, from the subtle barring of kestrels to the bold patterns of hobby falcons. Many species show distinctive facial markings and dark eyes. In Britain, five falconid species occur regularly, with the Kestrel being most widespread and the Peregrine Falcon increasingly common in urban areas.